Background: Dietary factors are associated with the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adults, but no studies have ever investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of IBS among adolescents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 750 adolescent girls aged 12 to 18 years old were recruited using a random cluster sampling method from several schools in different areas of Mashhad city, Iran. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the modified version of Rome III questionnaire were administered to assess the participants' dietary intakes and IBS, respectively. Socio-demographic data and anthropometric variables were also obtained. Factor analysis was performed to identify major dietary patterns. Results: The dietary patterns of healthy, mix, and western were identified in this study. An inverse non-significant association was also observed between the healthy dietary pattern and IBS (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.47-1.48). The relationship of IBS prevalence with mix and western dietary patterns was also non-significant. Conclusions: No statistically significant associations were found between dietary patterns and IBS among Iranian girl adolescents. Further studies, particularly longitudinal intervention studies with a larger sample size are required in this area.

Background: It was suggested that dietary patterns might play a role in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between dietary patterns and the occurrence of calcium oxalate kidney stone disease. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 634 male and female participants aged 18-65 in Tehran using a convenient sampling method. The participants were investigated in the case (n = 317) and control (n = 317) groups. Demographic and anthropometric information, medical history, physical activity, and dietary intake were collected by interview. A validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire was administered to assess the dietary patterns. Factor analysis was also applied with principal component approach (PCA) to determine the major dietary patterns. Results: The findings showed two major dietary patterns using 41 food groups. Significant differences were observed in nutritional factors and physical activity between the case and the control groups. After adjusting the covariates, the risk of calcium oxalate kidney stone was significantly higher for those in the highest tertile of unhealthy dietary pattern compared to the lowest ones (OR, 3.83; 95%CI, 2.22-6.61). Additionally, no relationship was found between the healthy dietary pattern and the risk of calcium oxalate kidney stone in any of the four logistic regression models
(P for trend > 0.05) (OR,0.95; 95%CI, 0.58-1.55). Conclusion: We found that the unhealthy dietary pattern was strongly associated with increased risk for calcium oxalate kidney stones.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine abnormality among reproductive-aged women. This study aimed to investigate the relevance of major nutrient patterns and PCOS. Methods: This age-body mass index (BMI) matched case-control study was conducted among 216 women with and without PCOS. The validated 178-items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used for driving nutrient patterns. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between nutrient patterns and odds of PCOS. Results: Four major nutrient patterns were identified (65% of the variances of nutrient intake), including factor 1) high in carbohydrate, saturated fatty acids (SFA), total fat, and low in Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), factor 2) high loadings of SFA, cholesterol, vitamin D, total fat, and total fiber, factor 3) high in total fiber, EPA, DHA, chrome, vitamin C, vitamin D, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and factor 4) high loaded by fat, sodium, SFA, and low in vitamin D. Factor 1 and factor 4 nutrient patterns significantly increased the odds of PCOS (OR = 7.42; 95% CI 2.86, 18.1; P_trend < 0.001) and (OR = 11.32; 95% CI 4.3, 29.97; P_trend < 0.001), respectively. Also, the moderate adherence to factor 3 nutrient pattern had a protective effect on odds of PCOS (OR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.39, 0.98; P_trend = 0.04). Conclusion: It was found that factor 1 nutrient pattern increased the odds of PCOS and factor 3 nutrient pattern decreased the risk of PCOS. More prospective studies are required to confirm the study findings.

Background: Most of previous studies have investigated the association of specific food or nutrient with risk of breast cancer (BC) rather than overall diet and there is lack of evidence regarding dietary pattern in BC development. This study aims to examine the association between dietary patterns and risk of BC among Iranian women. Methods: This case–control study was carried out on 453 BC women and 496 healthy controls. A reliable and valid FFQ was used to evaluate usual dietary intake. Factor analysis was also applied to address the most major dietary patterns which were known as the healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. Results: Those in the highest quartile of healthy dietary pattern had lower risk of BC (P = 0.001). However, being in the highest quartile of unhealthy pattern was associated with 2.04-fold increase of BC risk (P = 0.004) compared to the lowest quartile. In premenopausal women, risk of BC in upper quartile of healthy pattern was lower than the lowest quartile (OR = 0.47; CI = 0.26 – 0.83,
P = 0.004). More adherence to the unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with higher risk of BC (OR = 2.85; 95% CI = 1.57- 5.17, P < 0.0001).  No significant association was observed between the healthy or unhealthy dietary patterns among postmenopausal women. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the healthy dietary pattern could be considered as a protective factor in terms of BC in women and particularly among premenopausal women.