en public specific orginal article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Background:</span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> In the current scoping review, nutrition transition and its consequences in Iran have been reviewed, and relevant health improvement policies have been described. <b>Methods:</b> This was an analytical study which concerned demographic, economic and socio-political context, nutrition, dietary patterns and related metabolic syndrome, or their consequences among Iranian population in recent decades. <b>Results:</b> In the last decades, socio-economic problems increased food insecurity, and unhealthy diet has been common. The prevalence of obesity was higher in urban areas compared with rural areas. There was also a high prevalence of nutritional risk factors; food choices tended to be less healthy; high-fat food choices has been increased, and there was lower physical activity. The prevalence of non-communicable diseases and metabolic syndrome including hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are progressively elevated. <b>Conclusions:</b> Urgent preventive strategies and policies by the government and healthcare community are essential. These strategies are necessary for promoting national health, increasing life expectancy, and decreasing metabolic syndrome, diet-related and lethal diseases including cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes.</span></span></span></span><br> Corresponding Author:</span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Mahdieh Abbasalizad-Farhangi</span></span></span></b><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-6900" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline">View Orcid in Profile</a><br> You can search for this author in <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mahdieh+Abbasalizad+farhangi" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline">PubMed</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vs4rq7MAAAAJ&hl=en" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"> Google Scholar Profile</a></span></span></span></div> Nutrition transition, Obesity, Iran, Health, Chronic diseases 553 564 http://jnfs.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-322-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mahdieh Abbasalizad-Farhangi abbasalizad_m@yahoo.com 0000-0002-7036-6900 Yes Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Maliheh Barzegari 0000-0002-1465-0610 No Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran