en public specific orginal article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Dietary intake is one of the modifiable risk factors for biliary stones. In recent studies, plant protein intake is associated with a lower risk of biliary stones in comparison to animal protein intake; however, the results are contradictory. The current study aims to compare the effect of animal protein and plant protein on the formation of biliary stone in one of the gastroenterology and liver disease centers in Iran. <b>Methods:</b> 110 participants who had a history of biliary stone and 230 controls who were normal in terms of biliary diseases and referred to the medical center from November 2017 to October 2018 enrolled in this study. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used for the nutritional assessment; moreover, demographic and anthropometric data, habitual history and comorbidities were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS software.<b><i> </i>Results:<i> </i></b>Plant protein consumption was significantly lower (<i>P</i>=0.03) and animal protein intake was significantly higher (<i>P</i>=0.02) among men in case compared to controls. Furthermore, the relationship between biliary stone disease and animal protein intake was significant in crude model for men (OR: 1.03, 95% CI=</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1.01-1.05</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">). In addition, the risk of biliary stone was significantly lower in patients with higher consumption of plant protein (for women: OR: 0.94, 95% CI=</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">0.89-0.99, for both sexes: </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">OR: 0.96, 95%CI=</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">0.93-0.99)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">. <b>Conclusion:</b> The present study suggested that consumption of animal protein sources increased the risk of biliary stone, and intake of plant protein sources decreased the risk of biliary stone</span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> Biliary stone, Plant protein, Animal protein 298 305 http://jnfs.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-529-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Kaveh Naseri 0000-0002-0511-8142 No Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeede Saadati No Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fereshteh Pashayee-Khamene 0000-0002-5799-649X No Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Azita Hekmatdoost 0000-0002-1944-0052 No Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei 0000-0002-9382-9840 No 1 Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Reza Sobhani No Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mohammad Amin Shahrbaf No Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Komeil Esmaeilinejad No Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Hosseini-Oskuiee No Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir Sadeghi amirsadeghimd@yahoo.com 0000-0002-9580-2676 Yes Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shima Hadavi No Treatment Department of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Nazari No Student Research Committee, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran.