en public specific orginal article <p><strong>Background:</strong> According to the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in developing countries as well as high treatment expenses for patients and health-care systems, <em>CVDs prevention </em>in such societies has a great importance. One of the most effective strategies is improvement of knowledge and attitude towards the CVDs risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of females on CVDs risk factors and also the relationship between knowledge and attitude with obesity indices and biochemical parameters. <strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was performed on 89 women with the age range of 11 to 67 y old and body mass index (BMI) of 24 to 51 kg/m². Participants were interviewed face to face using a valid questionnaire in order to evaluate their knowledge and attitude on CVDs risk factors. Blood sampling was implemented after 12 h of overnight fasting. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profile were assessed by enzymatic methods. Anthropometric measurements were performed and obesity indices were calculated. <strong>Results:</strong> More than 70% of participants had moderate or good knowledge and attitude about CVDs risk factors. Participant&#39;s knowledge and attitude had a significant positive association with educational level and a significant reverse relationship with age, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and obesity indices. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Results of this study indicated that knowledge and attitude levels on CVDs risk factors affect the obesity indices and metabolic profile. Hence, knowledge and attitude enhancement is the main target and initial step in improving life quality and preventing cardiovascular diseases.</p> Cardiovascular Diseases, BMI, Knowledge, Attitude 63 71 http://jnfs.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Omid Toupchian No Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shima Abdollahi No Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mehnoosh Samadi No Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Fahime Zeinali No Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Elaheh HonarkarShafie No Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Farsad Naeimi No Department of Biochemistry & Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran Amir Norouzi Yes Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran