en public specific orginal article <b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Background: </span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">In low and middle-income countries Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) remain a severe problem requiring attention. The present study aimed to evaluate dietary policies and compare them with best practices in European countries to analyze Iran&rsquo;s progress in NCD-related nutritional challenges. <strong>Methods</strong>: it was searched the National databases. To gain a deeper understanding of nutritional policies, the researchers </span></span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">interviewed</span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> with <span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">27 individuals from various sectors of the food system. These semi-structured interviews were systematically transcribed and analyzed using a combination of inductive and deductive approaches within the NOURISHING framework and the Health Policy Triangle. <strong>Results</strong>: By analyzing documents and interviews, it was revealed that dietary interventions in Iran, compared to the NOURISHING framework, are classified into 3 main policy processes, which are: 30% of interventions in Iran have not been formulated; 15% were formulated but not implemented and 55% have been implemented. Challenges in policy implementation were analyzed across three main dimensions: Policy <strong>process</strong>, policy <strong>content</strong><b>,</b> and policy <strong>context</strong>, as well as four sub-dimensions: <strong>dietary behavior</strong>, <strong>food environment</strong>, food system, and policy context. Actions requiring improvement include: <strong>Food environment (12%)</strong><b>:</b> Measures like unhealthy food taxation, unhealthy food advertisements, food quality in retail outlets, and school canteen standards need revision; <strong>Dietary behavior (2%)</strong><b>:</b> Nutrition education in schools and community education requires modifications and <strong>Food system (1%)</strong><b>:</b> Cross-sectoral collaboration within the food system in Iran is weak. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The authors found that Iran has made considerable efforts to mitigate NCDs. However, due to low attention to socio-economic factors in policy making, weaknesses in food system governance, environmental, and educational dietary policies have not reached their expected efficiency. </span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Nutrition policies, Noncommunicable Diseases, Iran 359 371 http://jnfs.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-150-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Elham Shareghfarid No Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh dorostim@tums.ac.ir Yes Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran Amirhossein Takian No Centre of Excellence for Global Health (CEGH), Department of Global Health and Public Policy, & Department of Health Management, Policy & Economics; Health Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS); Tehran, Iran. Ahmad Esmaeilzadeh No 1 Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran