en public specific orginal article <div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:">Background:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"> This study compares serum 17-beta-estradiol (E2), dietary intake, anthropometric indices, and the Kiss1 gene Q36R polymorphism between infertile women and a healthy control group in Zahedan, Southeast Iran. <b>Methods: </b>In a case-control study, forty-five infertile women (cases) and 45 healthy women (controls) were assessed for anthropometric indices (weight, height, waist circumference, and body mass index). Food intake was then evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Serum 17-beta-estradiol levels were measured via ELISA, and PCR determined the Kiss1 gene Q36R polymorphism.</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:">Finally, data were analyzed using the t-<span style="background:#fce8fb">test, the Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher&#39;s exact test, and the chi-square test. <b>Results: </b>&nbsp;Mean serum E2 levels were significantly lower in the case group (61.40&plusmn;128.15 ng/ml) compared to the control group (117.24&plusmn;84.26 ng/ml) (<i>P</i><0.001). Anthropometric variables did not differ significantly between groups. However, t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests revealed significant differences in most nutritional factors between cases and controls. The allelic distribution of the Kiss1 Q36R polymorphism was not significant between the two groups. <b>Conclusion:</b> The case group exhibited significantly lower mean serum E2 levels compared to controls, but the Kiss1 Q36R polymorphism&#39;s allelic distribution was similar in both groups. </span>Further research should investigate the roles of Kiss1 polymorphisms and dietary factors in infertility.</span></span></span></div> Infertility, KISS1, anthropometry, Dietary intake,17 beta-estradiol 205 213 http://jnfs.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-782-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mozhgan Soltan Mohammadi No 1 Department of Nutrition, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Tahereh Khalili 0000-0002-6892-6681 No Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Marziyeh Ghasemi No Department of Gynecology, Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Zinat Mortazavi zimoiran@yahoo.com 0000-0003-2563-5259 Yes Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.