Journal of Nutrition and Food Security

en Sodium Content in Biryani and Grilled Lungs as Traditional Food in Isfahan, Iran: Monte Carlo Simulation-Based Risk Assessment Study public specific orginal article <div style="text-align: justify;">High sodium intake is linked to increased blood pressure and a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sodium content in Biryani and grilled lungs as the traditional food in Isfahan, Iran.  Methods: The sodium content in 25 samples of these dishes was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), with results converted to salt equivalents using a 2.5 multiplication factor. Additionally, a Monte Carlo Simulation using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) method was employed to evaluate the non-carcinogenic health risks associated with sodium intake from Biryani and grilled lungs. Results: The mean concentrations of sodium in Biryani and grilled lung samples were 347.4±170.7 and 377.4±287.1 mg/100 g, respectively. The study's findings revealed that children who consume Biryani may be at risk of non-carcinogenic health effects due to excessive sodium exposure (THQ>1), whereas adults are not. Conclusions: Totally, these traditional dishes can be prepared with lower sodium content based on the variable levels of sodium. </div> Sodium, salt, traditional food, Biryani, grilled lungs, risk assessment, Isfahan, Iran 492 502 http://jnfs.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-354-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Zahra Abbasi 0000-0002-3579-7641 Yes Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Zahra Esfandiari 0000-0003-2399-2762 No Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Yadolah Fakhri 0000-0002-3579-7641 No Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran Marjan Mansourian 0000-0002-7217-0282 No ediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Farzaneh Vaseghi Baba 0000-0002-5208-5996 No Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Zeinab Mokhtari 0000-0001-9485-9454 No Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran mansour siavash siavah@med.mui.ac.ir 0000-0003-0590-6410 No Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran