Volume 2, Issue 4 (Nov 2017)                   JNFS 2017, 2(4): 264-262 | Back to browse issues page

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Mohammadi M, Salehi-Abargouei A. Metabolic Syndrome: An Important Health Issue in Iran. JNFS 2017; 2 (4) :264-262
URL: http://jnfs.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.html
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Metabolic Syndrome: An Important Health Issue in Iran
 
Mohammad Mohammadi; MSc 1,2 & Amin Salehi-Abargouei; PhD 1,2*
 
1 Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
2 Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
 
ARTICLE INFO
EDITORIAL ARTICLE  Corresponding author:
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
abargouei@ssu.ac.ir
 
Postal code: 8916877391
Tel: +98-35-31492229
Article history:
Received: 17 Nov2016
Revised: 21 Dec 2016
Accepted: 21 Jan 2017
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major metabolic disorder worldwide which is characterized by having three or more of the five metabolic abnormalities. Thesemetabolic abnormalities include abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women), high triglyceride levels (TG) ( 150 mg/dL), decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (< 40 mg/dL in men and < 50 mg/dL in women), increased blood pressure (BP) )systolic ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic 85 mmHg(, and elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) (≥ 100 mg/dL) (Mohammadi et al., 2016). These conditions induce insulin resistance, inflammation, and chronic stress resulting in excessive flux of fatty acids which can lead to increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (Brunner et al., 2002, Eckel et al., 2005, Yaffe et al., 2004). Approximately 20% of the patients with MetS who do not have diabetes remain at high risk of incident cardiovascular events (Wong et al., 2003a, Wong et al., 2003b). The population-attributable fraction for all-cause mortality from the MetS was 6–7% (Ford, 2005).
In 2012, the total costs of diagnosed diabetes in the USA were estimated to be around 245 billion dollars; US $176 billion of which were direct medical costs (Association, 2013). Furthermore, the American Heart Association reported that the one-year cost of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is US $457.4 billion in the USA (Thom et al., 2006). In a survey conducted among the Iranian population, the costs of essential diagnostic and therapeutic services of CVD patients in the Central Hospital of National Iranian Oil Corporation were nearly 10.94 billion Rials (Fakhzadeh et al., 2002). Therefore, regarding the heavy economic burden of MetS and other associated diseases on the health care system, it is necessary to pay special attention to its prevention, control, and treatment.
The prevalence of MetS was reported to be around 24% in the United States, 12% in Europe, and 10-40% in most Asian countries (Ryan et al., 2008). In Iran, the rate of MetS was estimated to be approximately 36.9%, 34.6%, and 41.5% according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, and the Joint Interim Societies (JIS) criteria, respectively (Amirkalali et al., 2015). It was also reported that more than 32% of population of Yazd city have MetS (Sadrbafoghi et al., 2006). Another survey among female teachers in Yazd showed that the prevalence of MetS was high even in the educated people of this area (39.11% based on ATPIII definition) (Shahvazi et al., 2016).
The MetS complications and comorbid diseases can be prevented by appropriate control of body weight, lipid profile, and blood pressure (Malik et al., 2004). Indeed, it was indicated that all components of MetS may be related to obesity. Therefore, weight loss and physical activity might be the most important strategies to improve 
the MetS risk factors (Olefsky et al., 1974). Consumption of healthy diets containing more vegetables, fruits, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, and replacing some dietary carbohydrates with monounsaturated fat (e.g. olive oil) may also be beneficial for most patients with MetS (Feldeisen and Tucker, 2007, Prasad et al., 2012). Healthy dietary patterns such as Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean diet can decrease most metabolic risk factors in both men and women. Indeed, these diets were inversely associated with Body mass index which can be useful for improvement of hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, or inflammatory reactions associated with MetS (Azadbakht et al., 2005, Babio et al., 2009).
Unfortunately, the health care system in Iran is more focused on treatment of diseases than implementation of preventive strategies. Planning national programs which benefit from intersectoral collaborations for determining and controlling the MetS risk factors seems to be urgent in Iran.
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Type of article: editorial article | Subject: public specific
Received: 2017/11/18 | Published: 2018/01/22 | ePublished: 2018/01/22

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